Testing

Black rubber O-Ring with a permanent flat after compression-set testing on a stainless steel fixture plate

Compression Set Elastomer Testing: Why Flattened O-Rings Stop Sealing

What compression set means for O-Rings: ASTM D395 / ISO 815 test methods, how to read % set, Method B vs button tests, and how seal engineers use the number for long-term squeeze.

Assorted black rubber O-Rings on a cold frosted surface with ice crystals

TR-10 Elastomer Testing: How Temperature Retraction Predicts Cold Sealing

What TR-10 means for O-Rings and rubber seals: ASTM D1329 / ISO 2921 test method, how to read TR-10 and TR70, static vs dynamic cold limits, and typical values by elastomer family.