Failure Modes
Compression Set Elastomer Testing: Why Flattened O-Rings Stop Sealing
What compression set means for O-Rings: ASTM D395 / D1414 / ISO 815 methods, 0% vs 100% set, gland take-a-set behavior, polymer test temperatures, and how seal engineers use the number for long-term squeeze.
O-Ring Applications, Failure Modes & Troubleshooting
The problem-solver chapter: O-Rings by industry, special uses, a failure-mode gallery with pictures and fixes, root-cause troubleshooting, rules of thumb, installation, and storage.
O-Ring Failure Mode Gallery: Picture, Cause, Fix
Every common O-Ring failure mode with a diagram, the root cause, and the fix: extrusion, compression set, swell, heat cracking, explosive decompression, abrasion, spiral failure, installation damage, and ozone cracking.
